June Eng
<p><img src="http://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dotted1.gif"></p>
<h3>Mediterranean diet cuts stomach cancer risk</h3>
<p><img src="http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/khashayar20100117160819265.jpg?1263911778"></p>
<p>Apart from its various health benefits, following the Mediterranean diet can help reduce the risk of developing stomach cancer, a new study finds.</p>
<p>The Mediterranean diet had long been linked to a reduced risk of a number of diseases including depression, inflammation, premature death, diabetes, birth defect, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease and obesity.</p>
<p>Rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, cereals and olive oil, with a relatively low intake of red meat and dairy products, Mediterranean diet is believed to protect individuals against gastric cancer, stressing that other diets may boost the risk of the disease.</p>
<p>According to the study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, adopting the diet lowers by 33 percent the risk of gastric cancer — the second-leading cause of cancer death worldwide.</p>
<p>The study found the stronger the adherence to the diet, the lower the risk of developing the condition became.</p>
<p>"The results add to the evidence for the role of the Mediterranean diet in reducing cancer risk and add further support for the need to continue to promote the Mediterranean diet in areas where it is disappearing," concluded lead researcher Carlos A. Gonzalez of the Catalan Institute for Oncology in Barcelona.</p>
<p>Scientists urged individuals to adopt a healthy diet and identify dietary recommendations effective in reducing the incidence of this cancer.</p>
<p><img src="http://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dotted1.gif"></p>
<h3>6 Easy Ways to Follow the Mediterranean Diet</h3>
<p>By Janis Graham / Readers Digest</p>
<p>If you’re diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, your doctor will almost certainly tell you that you need to lose some weight. Now research identifies the best way to do it: Eat the Mediterranean way.</p>
<p><img src="http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dial-back-diabetes-mediterranean-diet-af.jpg?1263911778" width="492" height="330" /></p>
<p>In the study, 215 overweight people with diabetes followed either a classic, low-fat regimen (based on American Heart Association guidelines) or a higher-fat, Mediterranean-style diet (lots of olive oil, as well as vegetables, whole grains, and fish and poultry). After four years, both groups had lost similar amounts of weight—but only 44 percent of the Mediterranean-style eaters needed diabetes drugs, compared with 70 percent of the low-fat dieters.</p>
<p>The benefits come partly because a Mediterranean diet is full of healthy foods and partly because it doesn’t rely on fat-reduced foods high in refined carbs, says Dariush Mozaffarian, MD, an assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. Read on to find out which foods will help your blood sugar.</p>
<p><strong>Eat less of these:</strong> Beef, lamb, pork<br />
<strong>And more of these:</strong> Fish, poultry, beans</p>
<p><img src="http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dial-back-diabetes-meat-af.jpg?1263911778" /></p>
<p><strong>Eat less of these:</strong> Butter, margarine, butter substitue<br />
<strong>And more of these:</strong> Extra-virgin olive oil or other vegetable oils such as soy bean and canola</p>
<p><img src="http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dial-back-diabetes-fats-af.jpg?1263911778" width="492" height="375" /></p>
<p><strong>Eat less of these:</strong> Low-fat crackers, chips<br />
<strong>And more of these:</strong> Walnuts or other nuts, sunflower and pumpkin seeds, olives</p>
<p><img src="http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dial-back-diabetes-nuts-af.jpg?1263911778" width="492" height="375" /></p>
<p><strong>Eat less of these:</strong> Reduced-fat cookies<br />
<strong>And more of these:</strong> Fresh fruit</p>
<p><img src="http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dial-back-diabetes-fruit-af.jpg?1263911778" width="492" height="375" /></p>
<p><strong>Eat less of these:</strong> Egg substitute; fat-free yogurt; reduced-fat American, Cheddar, and Swiss cheese<br />
<strong>And more of these:</strong> Whole eggs; whole yogurt; feta, Parmesan, or goat cheese</p>
<p><img src="http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dial-back-diabetes-dairy-af.jpg?1263911778" width="492" height="375" /></p>
<p><strong>Eat less of these:</strong> Baked potatoes, bread, rice<br />
<strong>And more of these:</strong> Roasted or sautéed vegetables tossed with herbs and drizzled with olive oil</p>
<p><img src="http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dial-back-diabetes-veggies-af.jpg?1263911778" width="492" height="375" /></p>
<p><img src="http://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dotted1.gif"></p>
<h3>The “Mediterranean Diet” Pyramid</h3>
<p><img src='https://static2.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dietpyramid_med.gif' alt='' /><br />Developed by <a href="http://www.oldwayspt.org/"><b>Oldways Preservation</b></a> & Exchange Trust. You can visit the Oldways Site to find out more about their organization.</p>
<p>This pyramid, representing a healthy, traditional Mediterranean diet, is based on the dietary traditions of Crete, much of the rest of Greece and southern Italy circa 1960, structured in light of current nutrition research.</p>
<p><img src="http://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dotted1.gif"><br />
<h3>Enjoy the “Mediterrean Diet” Cuisine with our <span class="caps">FREE</span> Restaurant Recipes</h3></p>
<p>The cuisine known as the “Mediterranean Diet” has been popular for centuries and has been gaining the respect of doctors and nutritionists for its healthful benefits. As recently as June 2003 a study involving 22,043 adults in Greece was printed in the New England Journal of Medicine. It concluded that: "… adherence to the traditional (eastern) “Mediterranean Diet” is associated with a significant reduction in mortality." If eaten with portion control it can lead to weight loss as well. Visit our <a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/pages/free-recipes"><b><span class="caps">FREE</span> Mediterranean Diet Recipes</b></a> section to see some of Ayhan’s favorite recipes, which he uses in his restaurants daily.</p>
<p>Our <a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/"><b>Mediterranean Marketplace</b></a> has many foods to help you enjoy the “Mediterranean Diet”. See some of these below. Also see our selection of “Mediterranean Diet” and <a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/pages/books"><b>Mediterranean books</b></a> below.<br />
<img src="http://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dotted1.gif"></p>
<table width="612" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td colspan="4">
<p><img src='https://static1.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/meddiet.gif' alt='' /></td></p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><div align="center"><a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/products/ayhans-famous-mediterranean-vinaigrette"><br />
<img src='https://static3.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/1.jpg' alt='' /></a></div></td>
<td><div align="center"><a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/products/ayhans-famous-low-cal-treats-basket"><br />
<img src='https://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/2.jpg' alt='' /></a></div></td>
<td><div align="center"><a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/products/krinos-kalamata-olives-large-pack"><br />
<img src='https://static1.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/3.jpg' alt='' /></a></div></td>
<td><div align="center"><a href="ttp://ayhans.myshopify.com/products/bumblebee-wild-alaska-sockeye-salmon"><br />
<img src='https://static1.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/4.jpg' alt='' /></a></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4">
<p><img src='https://static3.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/medbooks.gif' alt='' /></td></p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><div align="center"><a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/pages/books"><br />
<img src='https://static3.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/5.jpg' alt='' /></a></div></td>
<td><div align="center"><a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/pages/books"><br />
<img src='https://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/6.jpg' alt='' /></a></div></td>
<td><div align="center"><a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/pages/books"><br />
<img src='https://static1.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/7.jpg' alt='' /></a></div></td>
<td><div align="center"><a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/pages/books"><br />
<img src='https://static2.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/8.jpg' alt='' /></a></div></td>
</tr></table>
<p><img src="http://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dotted1.gif"></p>
<p><b>Diet Characteristics</b><br />
Dietary data from those parts of the Mediterranean region that in the recent past enjoyed the lowest recorded rates of chronic diseases and the highest adult life expectancy show a pattern like the one illustrated in the list below. The healthfulness of this pattern is corroborated by epidemiological and experimental nutrition research. The average amounts given are in most cases intentionally nonspecific, since variation is known to have been considerable within this pattern. The historical pattern includes the following (with several parenthetical notes adding contemporary public health perspective):<ul><br />
<li>An abundance of food from plant sources, including fruits and vegetables, potatoes, breads and grains, beans, nuts, and seeds;<br />
<li>Emphasis on a variety of minimally processed and, wherever possible, seasonally fresh and locally grown foods (which often maximizes the health-promoting micronutrient and antioxidant content of these foods);<br />
<li>Olive oil as the principal fat, replacing other fats and oils (including butter and margarine);<br />
<li>Total fat ranging from less than 25 percent to over 35 percent of energy, with saturated fat no more than 7 to 8 percent of energy (calories);<br />
<li>Daily consumption of low to moderate amounts of cheese and yogurt (low-fat and non fat versions may be preferable);<br />
<li>Weekly consumption of low to moderate amounts of fish and poultry (recent research suggests that fish be somewhat favored over poultry); <li>from zero to four eggs per week (including those used in cooking and baking);<br />
<li>Fresh fruit as the typical daily dessert; sweets with a significant amount of sugar (often as honey) and saturated fat consumed not more than a few times per week;<br />
<li>Red meat a few times per month (recent research suggests that if red meat is eaten, its consumption should be limited to a maximum of 12 to 16 ounces {340 to 450 grams} per month; where the flavor is acceptable, lean versions may be preferable);<br />
Regular physical activity at a level which promotes a healthy weight, fitness and well-being; and<br />
<li>Moderate consumption of wine, normally with meals; about one to two glasses per day for men and one glass per day for women (from a contemporary public health perspective, wine should be considered optional and avoided when consumption would put the individual or others at risk.)</ul><br />
<img src="http://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dotted1.gif"><br />
<b>Background</b><br />
Variations of this diet have traditionally existed in other parts of Italy, parts of Spain and Portugal, southern France, parts of North Africa (especially Morocco and Tunisia), parts of Turkey, other parts of the Balkan region, as well as parts of the Middle East (especially Lebanon and Syria). The diet is closely tied traditionally to areas of olive oil cultivation in the Mediterranean region.<br />
Given these carefully-defined parameters of geography and time, the phrase traditional “Mediterranean Diet” is used here as shorthand for the healthy traditional diets of these regions at that time.<br />
The design of the pyramid is not based solely on either the weight or the percentage of energy (calories) that foods account for in the diet, but on a blend of these that is meant to give relative proportions and a general sense of frequency of servings, as well as an indication of which foods to favor in a healthy Mediterranean-style diet. The pyramid describes a diet for most healthy adults. Whether changes would need to be made for children, women in the reproductive years, and other special population groups is an issue that needs further consideration.<br />
A principal objective of this graphic illustration is to foster a dialogue within the international scientific, public health, food and agricultural, governmental and other communities as to what specific elements and configuration of the traditional diets of the Mediterranean should be regarded as healthful.<br />
For Americans, northern and eastern Europeans and others who want to improve their diets, this model provides a highly palatable, healthful framework for change. Equally positive results can be obtained either by entirely adopting a Mediterranean-style diet, or by alternating meals based on this Mediterranean model with meals inspired by healthful dietary traditions of other cultures in other parts of the world. For those living in the Mediterranean region, this pyramid provides a basis for preserving and revitalizing, within a modern lifestyle, centuries-old traditions that contribute to excellent health and a sense of pleasure and well-being that are a vital part of our collective cultural heritage.<br />
This pyramid was the first in a series in development to illustrate geographically the healthy traditional food and dietary patterns of various cultures and regions of the world. This initiative is an outgrowth of a multiyear conference series, “Public Health Implications of Traditional Diets,” jointly organized by Harvard School of Public Health, a United Nations World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization (<span class="caps">WHO</span>/<span class="caps">FAO</span>) Collaborating Center, and Oldways Preservation & Exchange Trust. These pyramids, taken as a collection, offer substantive refinements of the United States Department of Agriculture’s Food Guide Pyramid, refinements that reflect the current state of clinical and epidemiological research worldwide and our understanding of what constitutes optimal human nutrition status.</p>
2008-09-03T16:45:12-04:00
mediterranean-diet
402162
2008-09-03T16:45:12-04:00
139902
Mediterranean Diet
2010-01-19T10:00:59-05:00
<p><img src="http://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dotted1.gif"></p>
<h3>Mediterranean diet cuts stomach cancer risk</h3>
<p><img src="http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/khashayar20100117160819265.jpg?1263911778"></p>
<p>Apart from its various health benefits, following the Mediterranean diet can help reduce the risk of developing stomach cancer, a new study finds.</p>
<p>The Mediterranean diet had long been linked to a reduced risk of a number of diseases including depression, inflammation, premature death, diabetes, birth defect, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and obesity.</p>
<p>Rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, cereals and olive oil, with a relatively low intake of red meat and dairy products, Mediterranean diet is believed to protect individuals against gastric cancer, stressing that other diets may boost the risk of the disease.</p>
<p>According to the study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, adopting the diet lowers by 33 percent the risk of gastric cancer — the second-leading cause of cancer death worldwide.</p>
<p>The study found the stronger the adherence to the diet, the lower the risk of developing the condition became.</p>
<p>"The results add to the evidence for the role of the Mediterranean diet in reducing cancer risk and add further support for the need to continue to promote the Mediterranean diet in areas where it is disappearing," concluded lead researcher Carlos A. Gonzalez of the Catalan Institute for Oncology in Barcelona.</p>
<p>Scientists urged individuals to adopt a healthy diet and identify dietary recommendations effective in reducing the incidence of this cancer.</p>
<p><img src="http://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dotted1.gif"></p>
<h3>6 Easy Ways to Follow the Mediterranean Diet</h3>
<p>By Janis Graham / Readers Digest</p>
<p>If you're diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, your doctor will almost certainly tell you that you need to lose some weight. Now research identifies the best way to do it: Eat the Mediterranean way.</p>
<p><img src="http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dial-back-diabetes-mediterranean-diet-af.jpg?1263911778" width="492" height="330" /></p>
<p>In the study, 215 overweight people with diabetes followed either a classic, low-fat regimen (based on American Heart Association guidelines) or a higher-fat, Mediterranean-style diet (lots of olive oil, as well as vegetables, whole grains, and fish and poultry). After four years, both groups had lost similar amounts of weight—but only 44 percent of the Mediterranean-style eaters needed diabetes drugs, compared with 70 percent of the low-fat dieters.</p>
<p>The benefits come partly because a Mediterranean diet is full of healthy foods and partly because it doesn’t rely on fat-reduced foods high in refined carbs, says Dariush Mozaffarian, MD, an assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. Read on to find out which foods will help your blood sugar.</p>
<p><strong>Eat less of these:</strong> Beef, lamb, pork<br />
<strong>And more of these:</strong> Fish, poultry, beans</p>
<p><img src="http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dial-back-diabetes-meat-af.jpg?1263911778" /></p>
<p><strong>Eat less of these:</strong> Butter, margarine, butter substitue<br />
<strong>And more of these:</strong> Extra-virgin olive oil or other vegetable oils such as soy bean and canola</p>
<p><img src="http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dial-back-diabetes-fats-af.jpg?1263911778" width="492" height="375" /></p>
<p><strong>Eat less of these:</strong> Low-fat crackers, chips<br />
<strong>And more of these:</strong> Walnuts or other nuts, sunflower and pumpkin seeds, olives</p>
<p><img src="http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dial-back-diabetes-nuts-af.jpg?1263911778" width="492" height="375" /></p>
<p><strong>Eat less of these:</strong> Reduced-fat cookies<br />
<strong>And more of these:</strong> Fresh fruit</p>
<p><img src="http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dial-back-diabetes-fruit-af.jpg?1263911778" width="492" height="375" /></p>
<p><strong>Eat less of these:</strong> Egg substitute; fat-free yogurt; reduced-fat American, Cheddar, and Swiss cheese<br />
<strong>And more of these:</strong> Whole eggs; whole yogurt; feta, Parmesan, or goat cheese</p>
<p><img src="http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dial-back-diabetes-dairy-af.jpg?1263911778" width="492" height="375" /></p>
<p><strong>Eat less of these:</strong> Baked potatoes, bread, rice<br />
<strong>And more of these:</strong> Roasted or sautéed vegetables tossed with herbs and drizzled with olive oil</p>
<p><img src="http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dial-back-diabetes-veggies-af.jpg?1263911778" width="492" height="375" /></p>
<p><img src="http://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dotted1.gif"></p>
<h3>The "Mediterranean Diet" Pyramid</h3>
<img src='https://static2.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dietpyramid_med.gif' alt='' /><br />Developed by <a href="http://www.oldwayspt.org/"><b>Oldways Preservation</b></a> & Exchange Trust. You can visit the Oldways Site to find out more about their organization.
This pyramid, representing a healthy, traditional Mediterranean diet, is based on the dietary traditions of Crete, much of the rest of Greece and southern Italy circa 1960, structured in light of current nutrition research.
<img src="http://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dotted1.gif">
<h3>Enjoy the "Mediterrean Diet" Cuisine with our FREE Restaurant Recipes</h3>
The cuisine known as the "Mediterranean Diet" has been popular for centuries and has been gaining the respect of doctors and nutritionists for its healthful benefits. As recently as June 2003 a study involving 22,043 adults in Greece was printed in the New England Journal of Medicine. It concluded that: "... adherence to the traditional (eastern) "Mediterranean Diet" is associated with a significant reduction in mortality." If eaten with portion control it can lead to weight loss as well. Visit our <a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/pages/free-recipes"><b>FREE Mediterranean Diet Recipes</b></a> section to see some of Ayhan's favorite recipes, which he uses in his restaurants daily.
Our <a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/"><b>Mediterranean Marketplace</b></a> has many foods to help you enjoy the "Mediterranean Diet". See some of these below. Also see our selection of "Mediterranean Diet" and <a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/pages/books"><b>Mediterranean books</b></a> below.
<img src="http://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dotted1.gif">
<table width="612" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td colspan="4">
<img src='https://static1.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/meddiet.gif' alt='' /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><div align="center"><a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/products/ayhans-famous-mediterranean-vinaigrette">
<img src='https://static3.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/1.jpg' alt='' /></a></div></td>
<td><div align="center"><a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/products/ayhans-famous-low-cal-treats-basket">
<img src='https://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/2.jpg' alt='' /></a></div></td>
<td><div align="center"><a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/products/krinos-kalamata-olives-large-pack">
<img src='https://static1.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/3.jpg' alt='' /></a></div></td>
<td><div align="center"><a href="ttp://ayhans.myshopify.com/products/bumblebee-wild-alaska-sockeye-salmon">
<img src='https://static1.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/4.jpg' alt='' /></a></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4">
<img src='https://static3.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/medbooks.gif' alt='' /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><div align="center"><a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/pages/books">
<img src='https://static3.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/5.jpg' alt='' /></a></div></td>
<td><div align="center"><a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/pages/books">
<img src='https://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/6.jpg' alt='' /></a></div></td>
<td><div align="center"><a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/pages/books">
<img src='https://static1.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/7.jpg' alt='' /></a></div></td>
<td><div align="center"><a href="http://ayhans.myshopify.com/pages/books">
<img src='https://static2.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/8.jpg' alt='' /></a></div></td>
</tr></table>
<img src="http://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dotted1.gif">
<b>Diet Characteristics</b><br />
Dietary data from those parts of the Mediterranean region that in the recent past enjoyed the lowest recorded rates of chronic diseases and the highest adult life expectancy show a pattern like the one illustrated in the list below. The healthfulness of this pattern is corroborated by epidemiological and experimental nutrition research. The average amounts given are in most cases intentionally nonspecific, since variation is known to have been considerable within this pattern. The historical pattern includes the following (with several parenthetical notes adding contemporary public health perspective):<ul>
<li>An abundance of food from plant sources, including fruits and vegetables, potatoes, breads and grains, beans, nuts, and seeds;
<li>Emphasis on a variety of minimally processed and, wherever possible, seasonally fresh and locally grown foods (which often maximizes the health-promoting micronutrient and antioxidant content of these foods);
<li>Olive oil as the principal fat, replacing other fats and oils (including butter and margarine);
<li>Total fat ranging from less than 25 percent to over 35 percent of energy, with saturated fat no more than 7 to 8 percent of energy (calories);
<li>Daily consumption of low to moderate amounts of cheese and yogurt (low-fat and non fat versions may be preferable);
<li>Weekly consumption of low to moderate amounts of fish and poultry (recent research suggests that fish be somewhat favored over poultry); <li>from zero to four eggs per week (including those used in cooking and baking);
<li>Fresh fruit as the typical daily dessert; sweets with a significant amount of sugar (often as honey) and saturated fat consumed not more than a few times per week;
<li>Red meat a few times per month (recent research suggests that if red meat is eaten, its consumption should be limited to a maximum of 12 to 16 ounces {340 to 450 grams} per month; where the flavor is acceptable, lean versions may be preferable);
Regular physical activity at a level which promotes a healthy weight, fitness and well-being; and
<li>Moderate consumption of wine, normally with meals; about one to two glasses per day for men and one glass per day for women (from a contemporary public health perspective, wine should be considered optional and avoided when consumption would put the individual or others at risk.)</ul>
<img src="http://static0.shopify.com/s/files/1/0013/9902/files/dotted1.gif">
<b>Background</b><br />
Variations of this diet have traditionally existed in other parts of Italy, parts of Spain and Portugal, southern France, parts of North Africa (especially Morocco and Tunisia), parts of Turkey, other parts of the Balkan region, as well as parts of the Middle East (especially Lebanon and Syria). The diet is closely tied traditionally to areas of olive oil cultivation in the Mediterranean region.
Given these carefully-defined parameters of geography and time, the phrase traditional "Mediterranean Diet" is used here as shorthand for the healthy traditional diets of these regions at that time.<br />
The design of the pyramid is not based solely on either the weight or the percentage of energy (calories) that foods account for in the diet, but on a blend of these that is meant to give relative proportions and a general sense of frequency of servings, as well as an indication of which foods to favor in a healthy Mediterranean-style diet. The pyramid describes a diet for most healthy adults. Whether changes would need to be made for children, women in the reproductive years, and other special population groups is an issue that needs further consideration.
A principal objective of this graphic illustration is to foster a dialogue within the international scientific, public health, food and agricultural, governmental and other communities as to what specific elements and configuration of the traditional diets of the Mediterranean should be regarded as healthful.<br />
For Americans, northern and eastern Europeans and others who want to improve their diets, this model provides a highly palatable, healthful framework for change. Equally positive results can be obtained either by entirely adopting a Mediterranean-style diet, or by alternating meals based on this Mediterranean model with meals inspired by healthful dietary traditions of other cultures in other parts of the world. For those living in the Mediterranean region, this pyramid provides a basis for preserving and revitalizing, within a modern lifestyle, centuries-old traditions that contribute to excellent health and a sense of pleasure and well-being that are a vital part of our collective cultural heritage.<br />
This pyramid was the first in a series in development to illustrate geographically the healthy traditional food and dietary patterns of various cultures and regions of the world. This initiative is an outgrowth of a multiyear conference series, "Public Health Implications of Traditional Diets," jointly organized by Harvard School of Public Health, a United Nations World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO) Collaborating Center, and Oldways Preservation & Exchange Trust. These pyramids, taken as a collection, offer substantive refinements of the United States Department of Agriculture's Food Guide Pyramid, refinements that reflect the current state of clinical and epidemiological research worldwide and our understanding of what constitutes optimal human nutrition status.